### Lesson Plan: Language Arts - Year 5
#### Topic: Grammar (Clauses, Sentence Structure)
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**Objective:**
Students will understand and be able to identify different types of clauses and sentence structures, and they will apply this knowledge in their written and spoken language.
**Materials Needed:**
- Whiteboard and markers
- Handouts with examples of clauses and sentence structures
- Worksheets for practice
- Posters or anchor charts on clauses and sentence structures
- Access to a computer or tablet for interactive grammar games (optional)
- Sentence building cards
**Lesson Duration:** 60 minutes
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### Lesson Breakdown:
#### Introduction (10 minutes)
1. **Hook/Engagement:**
- Begin with a brief discussion about what sentences are and why they are important.
- Ask a few students to share their sentences and identify the main parts (subject and predicate).
2. **Learning Goals:**
- Explain the objectives of the lesson, focusing on understanding clauses (main/independent and subordinate/dependent) and sentence structures (simple, compound, complex).
#### Direct Instruction (15 minutes)
1. **Clauses:**
- **Definition:** A clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a predicate.
- **Types of Clauses:**
- Independent/Main Clause: Can stand alone as a sentence. (e.g., "She went to the park.")
- Dependent/Subordinate Clause: Cannot stand alone and needs an independent clause. (e.g., "Although it was raining")
2. **Sentence Structures:**
- **Simple Sentence:** Contains one independent clause. (e.g., "The dog barked.")
- **Compound Sentence:** Contains two independent clauses joined by a conjunction (e.g., "The dog barked, and the cat ran away.")
- **Complex Sentence:** Contains an independent clause and one or more dependent clauses. (e.g., "Although it was raining, she went to the park.")
#### Guided Practice (15 minutes)
1. **Interactive Activity:**
- Distribute sentence building cards with subjects, predicates, conjunctions, and subordinators.
- In pairs or small groups, have students create their own sentences using the cards.
- Alternatively, use an online interactive grammar game if available.
2. **Class Discussion:**
- Share some of the sentences created by the groups.
- Write them on the whiteboard and identify the types of clauses and sentence structures.
#### Independent Practice (10 minutes)
1. **Worksheet Practice:**
- Provide students with worksheets that have sentences for them to identify the independent and dependent clauses, and to categorise the sentences as simple, compound, or complex.
- Circulate around the room to assist and provide feedback.
#### Reflection and Review (10 minutes)
1. **Review Key Points:**
- Summarise the main points covered: types of clauses and sentence structures.
- Answer any questions the students may have.
2. **Exit Ticket:**
- Ask students to write two sentences: one simple and one complex. Collect these as an exit ticket to assess understanding.
3. **Homework (Optional):**
- Assign a short writing task where students must write a paragraph using a mixture of simple, compound, and complex sentences.
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**Assessment:**
- Observation during interactive activities and guided practice.
- Worksheet completion and accuracy.
- Exit ticket sentences.
**Differentiation:**
- Provide additional sentence examples and scaffolding for students who need extra support.
- Offer extension activities for advanced students, such as writing a short story incorporating various sentence structures.
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By the end of this lesson, students should have a clear understanding of different types of clauses and sentence structures and be able to apply this knowledge in their writing tasks.